Seizure disorders: Types and causes

Written by , Caitlin Goodwin, DNP, RN, CNM, is a Board Certified Nurse-Midwife, Registered Nurse, and freelance writer. She has over twelve years of experience in nursing practice.

It can be terrifying to witness anyone, a loved one or stranger, having a seizure. Approximately one in 50 adults will have a seizure in their lifetime, but two-thirds will never have another episode. While many people only experience a seizure once or twice in their life, others may have recurring seizures that impact their daily routine.

Seizure disorders affect people of all ages, ethnicities, and countries. Understanding seizure disorders is crucial because they impact the quality of life of family, friends, or patients. Healthcare professionals diagnose and manage seizures with medication, lifestyle changes, and other treatments.

People with seizure disorders can lead productive and fulfilling lives with proper treatment and management. This article will help you to understand the basics of seizure disorders, including types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

What are seizure disorders?

Seizure disorders are neurological disorders affecting the brain’s electrical activity. The type of seizure disorder impacts an individual’s symptoms, treatment, and long-term prognosis.

Neurons may release electrical discharges within an epileptogenic (seizure-causing) focus. A seizure occurs following an excessive electrical discharge in the brain that disrupts the brain’s typical function.

Where do seizure disorders occur?

Seizure disorders are complex conditions that can occur in various areas of the brain. The two significant areas where seizure disorders occur are the cortex and subcortex.

The cortex, the brain’s outer layer, enables higher thinking functions like critical thinking and language in this “gray matter.” Focal seizures originate in the cortex due to imbalances in the gray matter of the cortex.

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